Association or causation: evaluating links between "environment and disease".

The Association between Socio – economic Factors and Coronary Artery Disease in Yazd Province: a case - control Study

Introduction: One of the strongest and most consistent predictors of morbidity and mortality of an individual is socio -economic status (SES) and coronary artery disease (CAD) is maybe the most prominent disturbance caused by socio-economic inequality. To investigate the relation between socio - economic factors with CAD this study was conducted in Yazd province. Materials and Methods:This retr...

The environment and disease: association or causation? 1965.

In 1965, Austin Bradford Hill published the article "The Environment and Disease: Association or Causation?" in the Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine. In the article, Hill describes nine criteria to determine if an environmental factor, especially a condition or hazard in a work environment, causes an illness. The article arose from an inaugural presidential address Hill gave at the ...

Evaluating the impact of Environmental Quality Indicators on the degree of humanization in healing environments

During the last 2 decades, the effects of the physical and social environment on the healing process, recovery and well-being of patients, families and staff in hospitals have been proved.There is a growing recognition that healthcare architecture could do more by promoting overall wellness, and this requires expanding the focus to healing.The research on evidence-based design (EBD) has demonst...

Civil Responsibility Arising from the Transmission of COVID-19

Background: Once COVID-19 is transmitted, the corresponding civil responsibility should be clarified by the identification of the transmitter, compensation of the damage and detection of the causal relationship between the damage or harm and the harmful act.    Methods: This research has been prepared by descriptive analytical method and its data has been collected by documentary library tools...

Association or Causation of Sugar Sweetened Beverages and Coronary Heart Disease: Recalling Sir Austin Bradford Hill Running title: Huffman; Association or Causation of SSBs and CHD